Understanding Romantic Relationships Essay Example For Students

Understanding Romantic Relationships Essay Being a naà ¯ve young man in my sophomore year of high school, I had a relationship with the most beautiful girl named Savannah. The first couple weeks consisted of dates, getting to know who she was and basically building up a foundation. Of course, in the beginning of a relationship there are no arguments, just simply building up your relationship with that guy or girl. However though there are no problems, communication is shown from in the beginning. That is because at this moment in my relationship I used communication to understand who she is. After a few months of talking I asked Savannah to be my girlfriend and of course she had said yes. Both of us thought that it was finally time to make it official because we felt that our hearts were in sync. A couple weeks into our relationship, small arguments had broken out every now and then, but it never was anything big. However, there was one big argument which I wish had never gone wrong. Savannah had said â€Å"Babe, you haven’t been spending time with me lately, you’re always out with your friends. We will write a custom essay on Understanding Romantic Relationships specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Basically she began to accuse me of not spending enough time with her when we were with our friends or even just between us two. I was offended because I felt like I gave her my whole life, and she meant everything to me. Right from the start this is where Susan Page asserts â€Å"These are â€Å"you† statements. They blame, accuse, and criticize the person you are angry with His natural reaction will be to defend himself. † (pg. 27) This is where the problem started, Savannah used a â€Å"you† statement which had offended me. It was my instinct to defend myself to her accusing me of not spending time with her. We continuously yelled, blaming each other for random things that were not even a part of the conflict. They were just brought into the argument out of anger. I got tired of back and forth yelling and decided to just stop and walk away from the issue. John Gottman stated that â€Å"Calming down is especially important for men, since we know they are more likely to feel physiologically overwhelmed sooner than woman during a heated marital exchange. (pg. 46) Without calming down, anger will continue to spike up and just make everything worse. To the fact that we were even yelling out of anger made the argument more worse than it already was. I could have avoided making the problem escalate by not defensively yelling at her. If I were to have calmed down the issue between us could have been resolved peacefully. The next day, I thought about it and realized that I didnt want to argue with her any more. I felt disgusted to that fact I even yelled at her making her cry. I didn’t care if it was not even my fault; I just wanted to make up with her and apologize for my abrupt approach. At night I decided to stop by her house, I called her outside to talk to her. When she came outside I thought that she was still angry with me and didn’t even want to look at me. I tried to talk to her but all she said was â€Å"Leave me alone. † I didn’t want to leave her alone, I wanted to make things better between us, I tried talking to her again but all I got was rejection. I began to get frustrated and decided to try one more time. Sadly, all I got again was rejection and she just walked away from me. To the fact that I was confused and frustrated I decided to just give up and walk away as well. John Gray believed that men were from Mars and women were from Venus. When women talk Gray states â€Å"When a Venusian is upset she not only uses generalities, and so forth, but she also is asking for a particular kind of support because on Venus everyone knew that dramatic language implied a particular request† (pg. 18). .u022d158d12e705376e27ab6c861c5913 , .u022d158d12e705376e27ab6c861c5913 .postImageUrl , .u022d158d12e705376e27ab6c861c5913 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u022d158d12e705376e27ab6c861c5913 , .u022d158d12e705376e27ab6c861c5913:hover , .u022d158d12e705376e27ab6c861c5913:visited , .u022d158d12e705376e27ab6c861c5913:active { border:0!important; } .u022d158d12e705376e27ab6c861c5913 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u022d158d12e705376e27ab6c861c5913 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u022d158d12e705376e27ab6c861c5913:active , .u022d158d12e705376e27ab6c861c5913:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u022d158d12e705376e27ab6c861c5913 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u022d158d12e705376e27ab6c861c5913 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u022d158d12e705376e27ab6c861c5913 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u022d158d12e705376e27ab6c861c5913 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u022d158d12e705376e27ab6c861c5913:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u022d158d12e705376e27ab6c861c5913 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u022d158d12e705376e27ab6c861c5913 .u022d158d12e705376e27ab6c861c5913-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u022d158d12e705376e27ab6c861c5913:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Autism EssaySavannah when said that she wanted to be left alone, that was not what she was implying. She really wanted me to run after her and keep trying. However, I did not know that because when I want to be left alone that’s what I would say. A female’s language is not direct to the things that they want. It was hard to understand what Savannah really wanted because she would say one thing but mean another. At this time I didnt understand a girl’s language and having her reject me the last time I simply gave up and the relationship between Savannah and I withered. After a few years, when I finally understood a woman’s language, I realized the real reason why Savannah and I broke up was not because of the fact that she felt like I was not spending enough time with her, but because of one word: miscommunication. Miscommunication is an enemy of a loving relationship. It is one of the essential foundations in a relationship, without understanding one another’s languages everything will crumble down. If only at the time I knew that when she said â€Å"Leave me alone,† it actually meant chase after me Chris and keep trying; we possibly could be still together

Companies Who Practice Positive Social Responsibility Article

Companies Who Practice Positive Social Responsibility Article Companies Who Practice Positive Social Responsibility – Article Example Companies who practice positive Social Responsibility Affiliation: The article istitled â€Å"Steel firms change track on CSR.† It is from a wall street journal in New Delhi known as â€Å"livemint (livemint.com/2012/04/01190713/Steel-firms-change-track-on-CS.html).† This article is written by Ruchira Singh and was written on April 1st, 2012.The article discusses how steel firms in India have finally headed to the advice and criticisms from the community and non-governmental organizations and changed its main focus and goal from maximizing profits (which was accompanied by destruction of the environment and death of thousands of people from the steel mines) to incorporating aspects of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). Some of these steel firms like Essar and Tata have been engaging in community development activities and also environmental sustainability programs. Some of their community development projects not only target the community but specific individuals in need like those requiring surgeries for example. Their commitment is serious as Essar for example has set aside 26% of its profits for positive social responsibility projects and measures.The news from the article is in line with the advantages of having CSR incorporated in an organization. Some of these advantages like community development go way ahead and ensure the sustainability of the organization as it continues to gain approval of its stakeholder’s majority of who are the customers (community). Environmental sustainability as mentioned in the article is also another advantage of engaging in CSR. Sustainability of the environment and having green programs ensures that the organization cares about the future generation and the continuity of the world and even making it better. Lack of CSR in an organization leads to criticisms and may even lead to slow downfall of the organization since the community does not approve it and civil societies continue fighting the organiz ation portraying bad publicity for the organization.ReferencesSingh, R. (April 1st, 2012). â€Å"Steel firms change track on CSR.† Livemint. Retrieved from: livemint.com/2012/04/01190713/Steel-firms-change-track-on-CS.html

The Dark Child -Cmr Ly - Novel Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Dark Child -Cmr Ly - Novel - Essay Example The story is told by a grown-up narrator-protagonist who recalls his years as a young boy. The autobiographical characteristic of the novel leads the reader to assume that this young boy (Fatoman), who is the main character of the book, is Camara Laye himself. Laye traces the development of his cultural and personal values as a young man coming of age within the Malinke tribe. He portrays nostalgically his happy childhood, his parents, education, initiation of Malinke culture, ritual circumcision, and the end of his youth. He then goes to Conakry for higher education; after completing it, he gets a scholarship to go to Paris for further higher studies. The story starts with the young 6 year old Fatoman (Laye himself) playing in his village Kouroussa. â€Å"I was a little boy playing around my father’s hut† (Laye 17). The relationship with his parents, especially his mother, is the link between the boy and his African roots. Laye is very proud of his parents, depicting both as outstanding characters. His father, a reputed blacksmith in the village, is also endowed with spiritualistic powers. His father tells Laye: â€Å"The snake is the guiding spirit of our race. Can you understand that?† (Laye 69). Although theirs is a patriarchal society where the father is the head of the family, in Laye’s household it was his mother who was dominant. â€Å"I realize that my mother’s authoritarian attitudes may appear surprising; generally the role of the African woman is thought to be a ridiculously humble one, but Africa is vast, with a diversity equal to its vastness.† (Laye 69). His mother had spiritual powers as well. â€Å"It was due to the strange powers she possessed.† (Laye 69). Among these powers was the ability to persuade animals to obey her commands and being able to approach crocodiles without being harmed. Laye lays great emphasis on

History Early Christians Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

History Early Christians - Essay Example Agnes shows the image of Mary placed between St. Peter and St. Paul with her arms extended towards the two saints. The increased interest in the Virgin Mary that was evident during the catacombs came about as a result of a new doctrine by the Church Fathers who represented the Virgin Mary as the â€Å"New Eve†. The church fathers taught that just in the same way that Eve had played an important role in bringing the downfall of Adam, the Virgin Mary as the New Eve had played an important role in the redemptive ministry of Jesus who was seen as the new Adam. According to this teaching, both Eve and Mary had played secondary but significant roles in the lives of Adam and Jesus2. Ideally, this understanding was not popular in the Apostolic church and hence the reason why there was little art depicting the Virgin Mary in the earlier period. Although Mary had been recognized in earlier literature within the church, the assumption by the Church Fathers that she participated in the work of Salvation with Jesus Christ had given her new status within the church. By the 3rd century, most people within the church had accepted the Virgin Mary under the title â€Å"Mother of God† even though this title had not been solemnized until two centuries later. Under this new status, praying directly to Mary was no longer seen as idolatry but rather as a spiritual communication with God3. By the time the Council of Ephesus was convened in 431 A.D., where the Virgin Mary was officially christened as the â€Å"Mother of God† there were numerous cathedrals that had been dedicated to her name in most parts of Rome and Jerusalem and this was also the time within which art was also developing. After the Council of Ephesus, the went through a flourishing period of dedication to the Blessed Virgin in most parts of the East and the West and the quantity of this dedication was mostly brought out through art. This devotion

BMW Strategic Scenario ( Corporate Strategy) Case Study

BMW Strategic Scenario ( Corporate Strategy) - Case Study Example Other car manufacturers are hurriedly trying to imitate the Toyota philosophy in their work place. The other car substitutes for BMW include Volkswagen, General Motors and Ford. These car manufacturers use the same parts in their car models and car brands(Larsson & Falkemark, 2006;5) . India's conglomerate TATA has bought the Jaguar from Ford company for one billion pounds. The Jaguar is expected to produce its new medium saloon, the XF, that was sold in Mar1 in the United Kingdom and on in April in the United States. The Jaguar had suffered a slump in sales by as much as forty five percent in the last month alone. This percentage data is translated to having only seven hundred fifty seven cars sold in January alone. The current Jaguar model is the S -type car. In fact, there had been over eight thousand orders for the XF jaguar model around the world. Even Tony Blair tested the XF model himself. The BMW brand also suffered a decline in sales in the same January period. There was a decline of eight percent decrease in sales for the same month of January alone. This is translated into only two thousand five hundred sixteen cars sold for the same thirty day period. The Japanese car, Toyota, which builds cars for prospective clients in Burnaston and Derby, UK had dropped by eleven percent to only eight thousand, four hundred eighty seven only. The Japanese car manufacturing company, Honda, has been producing its cars in Swindon, United Kingdom. Honda has suffered the same fate of declining sales because its sales had declined by two percent. This can be translated to actual sales of only seven thousand seven hundred units. Another Japanese car company, Nissan, has been increasing its car sales. Nissan was able to sell many of its Qashqai model introducing an increase of thirty percent. This can be translated to four thousand six hundred sixty -six new Nissan Qasqui model ("UK Car Industry Cuts," 2008, p. 22). The 2006 year ended with BMW only generating 5.4 percent of the entire car market. the Volkswagen group generated twenty percent of the car market. The average Japanese OEMs gathered a big thirteen and fifty /100 percent of the car market. Meanwhile, Daimler only got a smaller six and 2/10 percent of the market. Renault had gathered eight and 6/10 percentx. Daimler is one of the major competitors of BMW. This company focuses on highly salable products in the car market segments that include mid -size, luxury and sports utility vehicles. Another strong competitor of BMW is the German car manufacturing company called Audi. Audi is a subsidiary car company called Volkswagen. Audi focuses on the very lucrative luxury and high performance car market segment (BMW:207 company profile edition 3: Competitor analysis,2007;p.7). 3.What are the key competencies required in the BMW group industry BMW has many key competencies. The company has been able to develop a new petrol engine family in a joint cooperation project. These engines are used in future models of its MINI cars. This was possible with the help of Matts Carlson's scientific mind. BMW has also

Effect of Globalization on the Food Industry

Effect of Globalization on the Food Industry Introduction The food industry is a complex, diversified sector that enhances production, processing and distribution of the food energy consumed by the world’s population. The food industry is among the largest industries in the world because it not only plays a vital role towards everyone’s health but also because it employs billions of people; hence, creating jobs (Maddox, 1994, p, xi). The expansion of this industry emerged few decades ago, after it transformed from a food production industry through agriculture towards a globalized industry that encompassed vast sectors like technology and transport. Therefore, as the world embraced globalization, the food industry did not lug behind. The objective of this paper is to analyze major transformations depicted by the food industry and elaborate how globalization relates to fast food and obesity. More so, the paper will outline the ideological underpinning of the slow food movement and the critics involved. Major transformations that the food industry has undergone in recent years 200 years ago, farmers locally produced food and sold it to the local market. However, the industry has gradually undergone a major transformation in recent years due to globalization and urbanization. This is the case because people no longer live in places where the food grows because globalization has led people to migrate to urban cities. This means that food is currently produced, processed and distributed to diverse populations through the aid of globalization that include biotechnology, technology advancement and the availability of convenient transport (Maddox, 1994, p, xi). The transformation of food industry keeps transforming due to changing lifestyles, demographics, expanding incomes and education levels, which trigger an increase in consumer demands for quality, variety and safety of food. Therefore, diversification of people into diverse demographic locations has led the food industry to find ways of producing, processing and distributing valuable and hygienically packa ged food that meets the consumers’ demands. Apparently, the food industry did an outstanding thing by embracing globalization because food availability has become an easy task. This relevance depicts through the fact that people can now acquire any food of choice at their own convenience because food is within peoples’ reach. Food is found in kiosks, grocers, restaurants and big outlets like the supermarkets. Therefore, globalization enhanced availability of reliable and fast transport that greatly aided the food industry by easing food distribution. The other relevance that food industry transformation triggered is that it improved the way food undergoes packaging (Maddox, 1994, p, xi). Unlike in the past when food had no means of preservation, modern food is hygienically packed and last longer. This means that people can consume packaged food without worrying about health implications caused by poor sanitation or staleness. Generally, transformation of food industry has greatly eased people’s lifestyle by allow ing them to get the food they desire on their own convenience unlike in the past where people had to live within the farming location or travel to the farmers’ markets in order to acquire food. The relationship between fast food and globalization Globalization is the major driver that triggered a fast moving world and the fast food industry is not exempted. This means that the world we live in today has accepted and adapted fast food as part of its food customs. This is a fact because eating traditional food in major cities is becoming a hard task because such places are full of fast food eat-inns (Inglis Gimlin, 2009, p, 258). Fast food is becoming people’s option due to its availability, convenience and cheap price tags compared to natural food. The other reason that contributes to fast food dominating the food culture is that technology has advanced insistent advertising that succeed in diminishing the natural food culture. The renowned McDonalds food chain possesses distinctive clip adverts that capture unintended appetite. Therefore, globalization not only enhanced diverse modernization but also deconstructed the healthy food culture by turning it from natural to fast food (Inglis Gimlin, 2009, p, 258). The inte nsity of the relationship between globalization and fast food shows in a developing country like china where its strong traditional food culture is slowly eroding because the Chinese are embracing modernization that encompasses change in lifestyle and food preferences. On another perspective, adaption of fast food through globalization has a major negative effect of health implications to both the developed and the developing countries. The main health complication that fast food fosters is obesity, a disease that has triggered an intensive research and debates from scholars. Scholars have differed in the sense that while others observe obesity as a disease caused by sociological incline, other scholars argue that the disease is hereditary. However, the real fact is that obesity is a disorder where an individual puts on excess weight or gets fat by consuming more food than the body system requires, or consumes food containing high fat and sugar; hence, storing the excess residue as calories. Obesity is creating serious global attention because it rates as the fifth main cause of death in developed countries. Over the past two decades, the epidemic is spreading to the developing countries; hence, becoming a global concern. The food industry is blame d for this disaster because it embraced globalization by improving peoples’ living conditions that ended up eliminating communicable diseases but still fostering non-communicable diseases like obesity by processing fast food that are cheap and available yet full of unhealthy fat and sugar (Inglis Gimlin, 2009, p, 258). Though cases of filling lawsuits against the â€Å"big food† companies like McDonalds are arising, the concerned parties should broaden their horizons and realize that globalization plays a major role in the pandemic. This is a fact because economic globalization triggers cheap prices, while social globalization triggers lifestyle habits, TV viewing and a fast food culture. Therefore, despite that social globalization contributes a higher percentage in promoting obesity, the Big food companies play the role of distribution to the final consumer; hence, the consumers should play the major part of curbing obesity by consuming healthy food (Inglis Gimlin, 2009, p, 258). Principles that support the slow food movement Several aspects contribute to the development of the slow food movement but the main phenomenon supporting the movement is food justice. This phenomenon chips in as a result of the movement’s aim of changing peoples’ perception towards fast food and encouraging them to eat natural organic food acquired from farmers’ markets and other producers (Jayaraman, 2013, p, 19). According to the union’s objective, people should shun away from the usual cheap, mass-produced non-organic stuff. A recent speech in TEDx Manhattan, by the movement’s president Josh Viertel depicts how the slow food movement has the potential to turn the fast food phenomenon around by making sustainable agriculture a widely accepted movement. More so, the president looks forward to advocate for Farm Bill education as well as creating slow food eat-ins where people can eat healthy natural food in eating joints within their reach. Despite the entire efforts outlaid by the union and its members, critics still prevails. These critics claim that organic slow food is natural but expensive and convincing people to squeeze out more money to purchase natural food becomes a tussle for the union. Nevertheless, the slow food movement is barely four years old and there is hope that it will manage to reach its goal of killing the fast food culture that has dominated the developed countries (Jayaraman, 2013, p, 19). Conclusion Globalization is an advocate of speed, an aspect that accelerates urbanization, transport system, technology and the food industry. However, despite its positivity in modifying life, it has also brought along damaging effects like the presence of big food companies that end up offering fast food that promote health complications. Despite the presence of anti-fast food movements like the slow food movement, people are yet to embrace natural lifestyles and healthy eating. This leads to the conclusion that the food industry has one remaining transformation phase of learning and embracing nutrition (Inglis Gimlin, 2009, p, 260). Though this phase will negatively affect many big food companies, the obesity pandemic will reduce at a higher percentage. Therefore, the concerned parties should utilize the availability of modern information technology to educate the world on the importance of eating healthy. References Inglis, D., Gimlin, D. L. (2009). The Globalization of Food. Oxford: Berg. Jayaraman, S. (2013). Behind the Kitchen Door. Cornell university press. Maddox, I. (1994). Practical Sanitation in the Food Industry. CRC Press.

Nebosh Igc Study Notes

Element 6 Page 1 of 6 Describe the general principles of control and basic hierarchy of risk reduction measures that encompass technical, behavioral and procedural controls? General Principles of Prevention: There are some general principles of prevention that can be applied to eliminate hazards and reduce the risk in the workplace. These principles rely on the correct selection of technical, procedural and behavioral controls. 1. Avoid risk: 2. Evaluate risks which cannot be avoided 3. Control hazards at source: 4. Adapt work to suit the individual 5. Adapt to technical progress 6.Replace the dangerous with the non dangerous or less dangerous 7. Develop logical overall prevention policy 8. Give priority to collective protective measures over individual protective measures: 9. Give appropriate information, instruction, training and supervision to employees. Avoid Risks: Where possible Evaluate risks which cannot be avoided: Through the risk assessment process Control hazards at sourc e: By going to the source of the problem directly (e. g. if there is noise hazards in the workplace tackle the source of the nose> Adapt work to suit the individual:By applying good ergonomic principles to job and workplace design (by job rotation) Replace the dangerous with the non dangerous or less dangerous: By substituting one hazard with something less hazardous e. g. replace a corrosive chemical with one that does the same job but is classified as less irritant and less harmful Develop a coherent overall prevention policy: By consistency using the same approach across the whole organization Give priority to collective protective measures over individual protective measures: By creating a workplace that is safe for all rather than relying on measures that only protect one worker at a time e. . install a guard rail rather than rely on PPE. Why do instruction, training and supervision form a part of safe system? Give appropriate information, instruction, training and supervision to employee: So that workers have the necessary background information to make correct choices. IGC-1 Element 6 Page 2 of 6 When selecting control options form these general principles of prevention you should be aware that preventive measure can be categorized as: 1. Technical 2. Procedural 3. Behavioral General Hierarchy of Control The following elements make up the general hierarchy of control: 1. . 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Avoid risks Elimination / substitution Reduce exposure or the time of exposure Isolation / segregation Engineering controls Safe system or work Training and information Personal protective equipment Welfare Monitoring and supervision Avoid risks Risk avoidance is simply to avoid completely the activity giving rise to the risk Elimination / substitution If a hazard can be eliminated then the risk created by the hazards disappears. For example hazardous substances can sometimes be replaced with materials which do the same job but present no risk to health.Reduce exposure or the time of exposure If the degree to which a worker is exposed to hazard can be reduced then that worker is far less likely to have an accident with that hazard. For example an engineer who spend all day working on machinery with hazardous moving parts is more likely to suffer injury than the engineer who spend only an hour of their working day to exposed to the same hazard. Isolation / segregation Isolation: The aim her to isolate the hazard physically so that nobody is exposed to it e. g. coustic enclosure of a noisy machine to reduce the noise exposure; guards around moving machinery to prevent contact Segregation: refer to the idea that certain hazards must not be accessible to unauthorized workers e. g. in a workplace with radiation hazard only authorized person should have access only What do engineering controls do? Engineering controls IGC-1 Element 6 Page 3 of 6 Engineering control involves use of an engineering solution to prevent exposure to the hazard. Engi neering control also refer to the inclusion of safety features that ensure that the item is used in correct way.For example interlock switches are fitted to moveable guard on machinery to ensure that when guard is open the machine will not work but guard is close it will. Safe system of work Safe system of work procedure helps to eliminate hazards or minimizes the risk associated with them. Training and information Training is instrumental in enabling employees to become competent. Personal protective equipment Equipment or clothing that is worn or held by a worker that protects them from one or more risks to their safety or health. It is duty of employer to: ? ? ? ? ? Supply suitable PPE where risk cannot be controlled by other more effective methods Ensure that when tow more items of PPE have to be worn together they are compatible Provide suitable storage for PPE Provide information instructions and training to workers on the PPE they will wear. Enforce the use of PPE Replace or repair damaged or lost items. Welfare Welfare facilities include the provision of toilets, washing facilities, clean drinking water, rest area and clean place for eat meals. Monitoring and supervisionMonitoring: For maintain surveillance over something by periodic observation or measurement and inspection to ensure that they are using prescribed safe working method. Supervision: Refers to routine inspection and surveillance or workers but concern direct line management authority to control behavior Define a safe system of work? SAFE SYSTEM OF WORK: A safe system of work is a formal procedure based on a systematic examination of work in order to identify the hazards. It defines safe methods of working which eliminate those hazards or minimize the risks associated with themResponsibilities of Employer: It is the responsibilities of the employer to develop safe systems of work with the involvement of both competent persons and employees who will be carrying out the work. These safe sys tem must be documented. IGC-1 Element 6 Page 4 of 6 What is the difference between technical, procedural and behavioral controls? Technical, procedural and behavioral controls: As safe system of work will involve all the elements of control that we identified ealrlier in the general hierarchy of control 1.Technical or engineering control 2. Procedural control 3. Behavioral control Technical or engineering control: Applied directly to the hazard in order to minimize the risk, this may involve fencing or barriers of different kinds to isolate workers from hazard. Procedural control: The way, in which work should be carried out in relation to the hazards, They specify the exact tasks involved their sequence and the safety actions and checks which have to taken. Behavioral Control: How the individual worker acts in relation to the hazard e. . good housekeeping or using PPE Development of a safe system of work: Safe system of work usually developed using the process of task analysis, whi ch involves breaking work down into a series of steps so that hazards can be identified and risk controlled at each step using technical, procedural and behavioral controls. Once developed, safe systems must be implemented and monitored to ensure continued effectiveness. Describe what factors should be considered when developing and implementing a safe system of work?When developing a safe system of work it is important to consider that 1. 2. 3. 4. PEOPLE: Who is the SSW for what level of competence or technical ability should they have? EQUIPMENT: What equipment will be worked on? What safety equipment will be required? MATERIALS: what materials will be used or handled the work? Who will waste dispose of? ENVIRONMENT: in what type of environment will the work take place? Useful acronym SREDIM can be used to identify the hazard associated with every step of work 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.Select the task to b analyzed Record the steps or stages of the task Evaluate the risk associated with ea ch step Develop the safe working method Implement the safe working method Monitor to ensure it is effective. IGC-1 Element 6 Page 5 of 6 Explain the role and function of a permit to work system? Or What is permit to work? Permit to work system: A permit to work system is formal documented safety procedure forming part of a safe system of work which ensures that all necessary actions are taken before during and after particularly high risk work.A permit system formalizes the control of high risk work to ensure that all the risks have been identified all the precaution put in place and that appropriate information has been communicated to all relevant parties. What are the key elements of typical permit? There are four main sections to a permit to work: 1. Issue 4 Cancellation 2. Receipt 5. Extension 3. Clearance / return to service Explain the need of emergency procedures and the arrangements for contracting emergency services? Or What is the main objective of an emergency procedure? Emergency Procedures:Importance of developing emergency procedures: An organization should develop emergency procedures to deal with foreseeable incidents such as: Fire, bomb threat, spillage of a hazardous chemical , release of a toxic gas, outbreak of disease, severe weather or flooding and multiple casualty accident. Emergency procedures: These procedures should cover the internal arrangements for dealing with the foreseeable incidents which will include; 1. Procedure to follow 2. Provision of suitable equipment 3. Nomination of responsible staff 4. Provision of training and information 5. Drills and exercises 6.Contracting the emergency services Procedure to follow In the event of a fire normal practice for worker to exit the building and go to assembly area but in bomb thread this will be opposite person has to go inside the building and away from the windows Provision of suitable equipment IGC-1 Element 6 Page 6 of 6 If there is a fire suitable fire extinguisher are available and proper PPE wear by the person involve in fire fighting Nomination of responsible staff In case of fire there need for fire wardens and fire marshal who will tell to occupant of building about safety instruction in case of fire.Provision of training and information Workers will only know what to do in case of emergency if they have training and information Drills and exercises Emergency procedure should be practiced to ensure that people are familiar with action they might be expected in case of emergency Contracting the emergency services (first Aid) Describe the requirements for and effective e provision of first aid in the workplace? First Aid Requirements: An employer must make appropriate first aid provision for his employees. This will include ? First aid facilities ? Equipment ?Appropriately trained personnel. What factors might need to be considered when determining the first aid provision for a workplace? First aid coverage: To determine what first aid provision to make an employer will have to undertake an assessment which should consider various factors such as: ? The general risk level of the workplace ? The hazards present in the workplace ? Accident history ? The presence of vulnerable persons ? The number of workers in the workplace ? Work patterns and shift systems of workers ? The geographic location of the workplace ? The spread of the workplace IGC-1